Best Practices for Managing Cytokine Release Syndrome and ICANS with Bispecific Antibodies in Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 1.Introduction and Exploring the Financial Burden of Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 2.Optimizing First- and Second-Line Treatment Strategies in Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 3.Advancing Care in Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma Beyond Chemotherapy

EP: 4.Integrating Bispecific Antibodies and Evolving Strategies in Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 5.Implications of the RELEVANCE Study and Optimal Use of R² in Second-Line Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 6.Targeted Therapies and Bispecific Antibodies in Second-Line Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 7.Epcoritamab Maintenance and Quality of Life Considerations in Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 8.Real‑World “Time Toxicity” and Patient Impact: Lessons from ASH 2025 for Epcoritamab in Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 9.Operational Challenges and Solutions for Implementing Bispecific Antibodies in Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 10.Best Practices for Operationalizing Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 11.Optimizing Epcoritamab Dosing and Treatment Considerations in Second-Line Follicular Lymphoma

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EP: 12.Best Practices for Managing Cytokine Release Syndrome and ICANS with Bispecific Antibodies in Follicular Lymphoma

EP: 13.Educating Stakeholders and Preparing for Bispecific Antibodies Across Lymphoma Indications

Bispecific antibodies have transformed the treatment landscape for follicular lymphoma, but their use requires vigilant monitoring for immune-related toxicities, particularly cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Best practices involve early identification of symptoms, graded according to established criteria, and rapid intervention to mitigate severity. CRS management typically includes supportive care, corticosteroids, and targeted cytokine blockade when indicated, while ICANS may require neurological assessments, seizure prophylaxis, and corticosteroid therapy. Pre-infusion risk stratification, patient education, and structured monitoring protocols are critical to ensure timely recognition and intervention. Multidisciplinary coordination among physicians, nurses, and pharmacists is essential for safe administration and ongoing assessment. By implementing standardized monitoring and management strategies, clinicians can maximize the therapeutic benefits of bispecific antibodies while minimizing treatment-related morbidity and ensuring patient safety throughout the course of therapy.