HIV

Following interim results presented at the 2017 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, a team of investigators from Vall d’Hebron in Spain delivered their final results at this year’s virtual conference on cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load response to antiretroviral therapy compared with anti-CMV treatment.

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis are 4 sexually transmitted infections (STI) that have seen sharp increases in occurrence over the past 10 years. Their combined overall rate rose 31% between 2013 and 2017 and correlate with a lower overall HIV testing rate among adolescents.

Despite being at an increased risk for HIV and hepatitis C, persons who inject drugs (PWID) are tested at dismal rates for both: just 8.6% and 7.7%, respectively, according to data from 2010 to 2017. PWID who live in rural communities are more likely to face barriers to adequate testing and care for both diseases.

As of 2017, 184,718 young adult women and men were living with HIV in Kenya, for an annual prevalence of 2.61% and 1.34%, respectively. Female sex workers are at higher risk of contracting HIV.

Between 2012 and 2018, 93.8% of HIV-positive active military service members were on continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART). Of this group, 99.0% were virally suppressed by the end of their first year on ART.

There is a great need for additional outreach to the transgender community, especially by addressing concerns that include fear and loss of confidentiality, distrust of the medical community, abandonment, and abuse.

Detectable viral load (VL) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among US youth living with HIV, according to an abstract presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.

Evolocumab (Repatha), a human monoclonal antibody and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, produced positive results in persons living with HIV in the BEIJERINCK study by reducing their levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). These individuals have a risk of cardiovascular disease that is almost twice that of HIV-negative individuals.

The environment surrounding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic seems to change by the minute. The full extent to which HIV-positive individuals can be affected if they contract COVID-19, because they are immunocompromised, is not known. Recently, the CDC issued guidance for this patient population.

Between 2010 and 2017, there were 327,700 new HIV infections in the United States. Of these, HIV-2 infections accounted for less than 0.03% of the total. It is important to differentiate which HIV strain an individual is infected with because HIV-2 is intrinsically resistant to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, which are typically used to treat HIV-1 infections.

The association of HIV infection with cardiovascular disease was particularly strong for heart failure and stroke.

A second individual may have been cured of HIV following an allogeneic stem-cell transplant for stage 4b refractory Hodgkin lymphoma with Δ32-mutated cells, which are resistant to the virus. These cells did not express the CCR5 chemokine receptor, 1 of 2 methods of entry for HIV into a host cell.

A year after being only the second person to be cured of HIV, the “London Patient” revealed his identity; BMS announced today that its combination therapy for multiple myeloma—elotuzumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone—failed its primary endpoint of progression-free survival in its phase 3 ELOQUENT-1 trial; Biocon and Mylan N.V. announced that the FDA accepted their biologics license application (BLA) for MYL-14020, a proposed biosimilar to bevacizumab (Avastin), for review.

In 2018, Washington, DC, saw 340 newly diagnosed cases of HIV, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The city’s rate is 5 times higher than the national rate, and it falls under the World Health Organization’s definition of an epidemic. Researchers used next-generation sequencing to gain a broader view of the disease’s dynamics in the DC area.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs at a higher rate in individuals who have HIV compared with those who do not, and it has a global incidence of more than 380 million people. The progressive lung disease is also diagnosed at a younger age in HIV-positive persons compared with their HIV-negative counterparts, and higher rates of smoking may be to blame.

A vascular surgeon in Florida allegedly stole $26 million from insurers and the government; a new report finds many rural areas are still at risk of an HIV outbreak; new disposable flavored vape pens have largely replaced Juul use among teens.

Close to 80% of HIV-positive individuals are shown to be virally suppressed through their most recent test results, according to data from 2016 through 2018, as well as 32% to 63% of adults older than 24 years. Youth with a new HIV diagnosis, however, come in at only 12%.

Among the general population of the United States, 14.5% of HIV-positive individuals do not know their disease status. This rate increases to 51.5% of 13- to 24-year-olds, among whom men who have sex with men account for 80% of new HIV infections.

Enrollment in AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs)–funded Qualified Health Plans (QHPs) is associated with viral suppression (VS) across states and demographic groups. People living with HIV who engage in care and have QHPs have a higher VS rate than those who received medications from direct ADAPs.

The Patent Trial and Appeals Board delivered a setback to Gilead Sciences, rejecting its attempt to invalidate a pair of Truvada patents owned by the CDC; Merck is spinning off some businesses in order to focus on its oncology drug pembrolizumab, including its biosimilars operations; Republican and Democratic governors are worried that a proposed CMS fiscal accountability rule for Medicaid will reduce access to healthcare.

The FDA launched a mobile-friendly, interactive database providing information on eligible HIV antiretroviral treatments available; an HIV vaccine trial by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center ended after failing to provide protection from the virus; New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy established a coronavirus task force to manage the state’s preparedness and response to the virus.

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) is the regimen mainstay for everyone who has HIV, irrespective of infection duration. More than twice as many options for ART were available in 2018 as were offered in 2012—but this did not equal cheaper prices. Between 2012 and 2018, the average wholesale price for initial ART jumped 34% for most people with HIV.

The authors noted that pregnant women are typically excluded from clinical trials investigating the safety and tolerability of HIV medications.

Participants in Last Gift, an end-of-life HIV research program from UC San Diego, donate their blood and their bodies so researchers can uncover all the places that HIV hides, to both fight the disease and stop it. Before each autopsy, the following is read: “From our first breath to our last, each of us tells a unique story. Here, we honor our Last Gift participants for their altruism to further research into HIV and the human condition. We take this moment of silence to honor their gifts and express our gratitude for all the discoveries their selfless donations will yield.”

New York Attorney General Letitia James announced a lawsuit filed against 2 former chief executive officers of Turing Pharmaceuticals, now known as Vyera Pharmaceuticals: “Pharma Bro” Martin Shkreli, currently serving a 7-year sentence in federal prison for securities fraud, a crime that took place before the launch of Vyera, and his business partner Kevin Mulleady.

Chinese health authorities are testing an HIV drug, lopinavir and ritonavir, as a potential treatment for the new coronavirus; a debate is growing over the efficacy of the sole drug approved to prevent preterm birth; the Trump administration threatens to withhold Califonia’s federal funding due to its abortion coverage requirements.

Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are a subset of the T-cell population. Their function and activity during the acute stage of HIV infection adds to the knowledge of immune system activation at this stage and could lead to possible new treatment interventions.

Truvada and Descovy are both manufactured by Gilead Sciences and used to treat HIV-1 infection and as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in adult and pediatric patients.

Although the researchers state that more studies are needed to validate their findings, they found that patients who also had HIV, HBV, or HCV who were being treated with ICI therapy had similar rates of efficacy and toxicity to patients without chronic viral infections.

Nigeria has a population of almost 204 million. Of those, 3.1% of adults, or 3.5 million, are living with HIV. The accompanying death anxiety of people living with HIV and AIDS has not been studied in depth.