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The Future of BTK Inhibitor Therapies in CLL and MCL

Opinion
Video

Panelists discuss the future of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapies, considering emerging treatments, regulatory changes, evolving cost dynamics, and the current unmet needs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) care, and how these factors may shape the landscape of treatment options.

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The future of BTK inhibitor therapies in the treatment of CLL and MCL appears promising and dynamic. As patients progress through treatment, they often start with first-generation inhibitors but may need to switch due to toxicity or resistance. Second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors, including non-covalent options, offer additional lines of defense by targeting the same pathway with different mechanisms or improved safety profiles. This layered approach allows for exhaustion of the BTK signaling pathway while maintaining disease control, reflecting a thoughtful strategy to prolong patient benefit.

Combination therapies are expected to play a pivotal role moving forward, especially for high-risk patients who tend to relapse sooner, such as those with specific genetic markers like 17p deletion or unmutated IGHV in CLL. While some patients respond well to monotherapy and remain stable for many years, others require more aggressive and tailored treatment strategies. The ongoing development of BTK degraders and novel agents that demonstrate rapid and high response rates—even in patients previously treated with BTK inhibitors—underscores the innovation driving this field. This continuous research not only aims to extend remission durations but also addresses the unmet needs of patients with resistant or aggressive disease.

Despite advances that have extended overall survival substantially compared to earlier treatment eras, certain challenges remain, particularly in managing patients who develop aggressive transformations or treatment resistance. These patients often experience limited response rates and poorer outcomes, highlighting the need for prioritizing clinical trials focused on novel combinations and mechanisms of action. Ultimately, the future of BTK inhibitor therapies is likely to involve personalized, adaptable treatment plans informed by genetic risk factors and patient characteristics, ensuring these therapies remain a cornerstone in managing CLL and MCL while driving toward improved long-term outcomes.

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